Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Key Symptoms, Treatment, and Impact on Children and Adults

The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) virus took the news and the internet by storm in the past few days. Some people are saying it is a new wave of COVID-19, and some are saying it is fatal. Certainly, there are rumors and fog around this virus, and lack of knowledge makes things scary. If you are searching for clarity on the HMPV virus, then this article can help you with genuine facts.

You will be relaxed to know that the HMPV virus is not new to mankind. Yes, this virus is known to our body, and in most cases, it is not as fatal as COVID-19. However, it has been observed that the symptoms and ways of spreading HMPV are mostly similar to the COVID-19 virus. We will explain all aspects of HMPV so that you can get clarity.

What Is the HMPV Virus

Humans experienced Human Metapneumovirus infections for the first time in 1970. It was first recognized by the Netherlands-based scientist Van den Hoogen and her team members in 2001. It belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, and it is a respiratory virus. It mostly affects the respiratory tract of the human body. 

We have gained immunity to resist this virus long back. With symptoms like the flu, this virus can be detected and treated without hospitalization. However, people with severe symptoms need to be admitted to the hospital. 

Symptoms and Effects of HMPV Infection On Different Age Groups

Human Metapneumovirus infections preliminarily show symptoms of flu. However, the symptoms and effects of this infection may differ for individuals. 

Kids Under 14 Years

Kids under 14 years of age, including infants, are prone to get infected and can have mild to severe symptoms. 

• High Fever

• Cough and cold

• Sneezing

• Nasal congestion

• Breathlessness

• Unable to eat

• Poor Hydration

Kids and infants with severe infections may develop pulmonary tract blockage and Bronchiolitis. This may lead to fatal conditions. It is advisable to admit the patient immediately if they face any respiratory problems. 

Adult Individuals

Typical flu symptoms are experienced by HMPV-infected adults.

• Fever

• Nasal congestion

• Respiratory congestions

• Cough and cold

• Body aches and fatigue

• Shortness of breath

• Sore throat

Adults with mild fever and other mild symptoms can be treated at home with some medications. However, elderly adults (60 years and above) should be treated with care as they may have poor immunity power. With severe infections, they may develop pneumonia and other respiratory problems. They should be hospitalized if respiratory problems arise.

Medical Conditions

People with medical conditions like COPD and poor immunity can easily catch HMPV infections. These kinds of patients may develop severe infections faster than normal people. This may result in fatal conditions and may require hospitalization with intensive care.

Pregnant Woman

Pregnant women are also at risk of getting infected fast and may have fatal symptoms like breathlessness and a shortage of oxygen. The HMPV infection in pregnant women may lead to respiratory tract blockage and severe pneumonia. This condition could be fatal for the mothers and babies. 

How to Detect HMPV Infections

Human Metapneumovirus or HMPV infection shows symptoms that may confuse physicians with COVID-19 and typical flu. This is why proper detection of HMPV requires specific tests. 

PCR Test

A PCR test is prescribed by doctors to detect HMPV, which is capable of analyzing the genetics of the virus and providing accurate information.

Bronchoscopy

This test is conducted to detect the blockage of the pulmonary tract.

Rapid Antigen Test

This test is prescribed by doctors for faster detection, but it is not as accurate as a PCR test.

Treatment Of HMPV Infection

The first step of the treatment should be consulting a doctor and going through the test as prescribed. HMPV infection can be treated at home with medication. However, hospitalization and oxygen support are advised in some cases. 

Home Treatment

In mild to moderate infections, patients should take bed rest as much as possible, along with doctor-prescribed medicines. Proper hydration with nutrition-rich food is also required for fast recovery.

Hospitalization

Patients with severe HMPV infection symptoms are referred for hospitalization by doctors. Hospitals often provide respiratory support and oxygen based on the severity of symptoms.

Oxygen Support

One of the major symptoms of HMPV infection is breathlessness. The severity of this symptom often results in a lack of oxygen in the body. To fight this situation, patients need oxygen support which can be provided at home or in the hospital. 

Conclusion

The HMPV infection is neither life-threatening all the time, and it is not a variant of COVID-19. This infection is treatable, and the recovery rate of this infection is very high. Maintaining proper hygiene and using masks can help you avoid getting infected. Do not panic if you or your family develop symptoms of HMPV infection, and consult a doctor for further treatment.